Bayani Na Spatial Noise: Fasahohi, Nau'ikan da Kama-Kama Tare da Spatial Noise a Sistemin Tsarin Tsirin

A cikin duniya na musamman na zuwa mai yin aiki, matsayin hoton yake da yawa sosai don tsawon da kuskurewar tsari. Amma, babu daidaitan hotuna na digital. Sune da kyau da ke cikin "jallar", wanda shine tasharin da ba a so ba a kan layuka. A cikin wa su, jallar zangarwa yana da matsala mai kyau. Yana nufin cikin zauna ko kwayoyin da ke fito daga hoton daya zuwa wani, ke tsayawa alamar da ke cikin sauti kuma yake maimaita amfani da shi. Don maimakon zuwa mai yin aiki, ganin jallar zangarwa da kanka yin rage shi yana da muhimmi. Yana taimakawa waje don samun hotuna mai kyau da kuskurewar tsari, wanda shine abin da aka buƙata don ayyukan zuwan na sauti.

Menene Jallar zangarwa ?

Jallar zangarwa yana iya nufin tasharin da ba a so ba a kan layuka a cikin hoton da suke bincika a kan zufin ko idan. Bayan kula da ke kaukale da kuma daya, spatial noise kadan zai nuna a cikin watsa ko irin pattern da ake amfani da shi. Zai zama kamar static, speckles ko kuma pattern mai tsauri kamar banding ko hot pixels. Wannan no da ke kaukacen kwaliti na hoton. Ya ke kara matsalla wajen samun abubuwa, gyara la'akari da kuma tace measurement. Wannan direct impact ya zai zama a data integrity na system na ku.

Fahimtar Ma'ana na Spatial Noise vs. Temporal Noise

Ya faruwa farko guda bayan temporal da spatial noise shine waje don tace image processing. Biyu na kaukace kwaliti na hoton, amma biyu na yi aiki da jinsi daya.

Temporal Noise: Random Changes Over Time

Zaɓaɓɓen yawan ƙarƙashin zanen yawan pixel da ba za a iya bayan koda ba tare da jujjuma daga daya zuwa frame na iya. Idan kun took many pictures of the same thing, za a iya zaɓaɓɓen yawan pixel random flicker in brightness in kowa shot. Wannan zaɓaɓɓen yawan ke daga cikin sensor readout issues, changes in heat (dark current noise), ko photon shot noise. Dalilin da ke ciki shine a karkatarwa da ke da zaman da ke da zaɓaɓɓen yawan. Masu filati kamar frame averaging zue da zaɓaɓɓen yawan kusa da yawa don haka zue da yawa a cikin sauran frames. Wannan abin da ke nufin camera sensor optimization.

Jallar zangarwa : Zaɓaɓɓen yawan tsakanawa ko wurobi

Babu, jallar zangarwa yana nuna babban ko kara canzawa na daina a cikin sensolin dainawa. Idan kaka sami dainawa manyi na abin daya, sabon dainawa kamar yara zai zance a wucin ko kara nuna. Wannan zai iya samun sa dari abok'in tsoro na sensolin, farko kan kewayon pixel (Fixed Pattern Noise - FPN), ko kuma dawa a sama na sensolin. Dalilin 'ma'ana' ya haɗa da wucin ko kara canzawa na daina daya. Hanyoyi da suka dace bukatar amsa wannan, saboda ba za su iya canzawa ba ne a cikin zaman lafiya.

Menene Kawar daidaitur rawar rawa ?

Kawar daidaitur rawar rawa yana daidaita amfani da algorithums ko filter a kan hoton don kara ko cire alamomin kuskurewa da ba a so ba. Maficin shine yin maitaƙiwa kan hoton, yin nisa sosai da sauki ba tare da zanin alamar wuri. Wannan shine yawan ingancin yadda hoton zai yi amfani da karkashin kuskurewa (SNR). SNR mai yawa yana nufin bayanin hoton asali ya fi cewa kuskurewa. Maitaƙiwa ta jin kuskurewa ta dace yin amfani da hoton a gabanin, kamar yin amfani da kai ko ganin abubuwan, da sauki da tushen.

Rukunin Spatial De-Noising ta amfani da Convolution

Convolution-based filter suna amfani da su a tsari-ma hoton don kuskurewa ta dace . Wannan filter yana amfani da aikin lissafi a kowanne pixel basu ne akan suka gudun pixel. Suna daidaita aikace-aikacen yin maitaƙiwa kan hoton da kuskurewa.

1. Mean Filter: Sauran Takafta

Masoyi filter ita ce daga cikin ƙananan kanƙanta don kara rasa rashin yanki. Ta kaiyar da ƙimar pixel akwai ta hanyar tafari na yawan yawan da ke cikin takaichen da aka zaɓi (saboda misali 3x3 square). Wannan tafari ya tura canzawa a fuskantar, ta hanyar kara rashin yanki na jiji. Amma zai iya kuma kara takaici na alamar da kuma tsakiya, saboda ba ta iya farawa bayanin rashin yanki daban daga alamar da qane akwai. Ana amfani da shi lokacin da takaici shine waje kuma kara takaici na kwarai ya yi amfani.

2. Filtin Median: Iya Ajiyar Alamar

Masoyi median filter ita ce masoyi ba ta linear. Ta daidai sosai don kara rage "salt-and-pepper" noise (random bright ko dark pixels). Bayan tafari, ta kaiyar da ƙimar pixel akwai ta hanyar ƙimar tsakiya na yawan yawan da ke cikin takaichen filter. Wannan hanyar ya tura takaici akan tsakiya sosai dibu masoyi mean filter. Pixel na rashin yanki ba su ne ƙimar tsakiya basu, don haka suka kara su baya takaici babu alamar da ke tsakiya. Ta hanyar wani tsari shine aminin da ke tsari don kuskurewa ta dace lokacin da ajiyar alamar ya dace sosai.

3. Filtin Gaussian: Tsohu Mai Kyau

Filtin Gaussian shine shine daya ne da ke amfani da kurin shape na bell don ba da alama zuwa pixel mai qurani. Pixelolin da suka gani cikin nisa suka sami alama mai girma. Wannan yake sa su taimaka sosai zuwa sabon nisa na pixel. Wannan yake tsara saurin, tsarin da ake so, da sauri mai girma da ke kuskyawan cewa su daga noise na Gaussian (noise na uku da ke kuskure). Idan ya tsara hoton, har yake kuskure kuma nisa, amma a kashi duru ba tare da mean filter ba. Yana amsa yawa idan kake so tsara saurin.

4. Filtin Bilateral: Tsara Nisa Mai Iya Gudua

Filtin bilateral shine shine daya mai girma da ba shine linear ba ne don gudua kuskurewa ta dace . Yana amfani da kowane pixel da ke karanci da kuma yiwuwar gudun wajen da suka dace a lokacin da ke ninka. Wannan nufin yake ninka kowane pixel da suka karanci a cikin waje da sun wani tsari da ke da alama ta hanyar gudunmu a yayin da ke kama da rashin alama da kuma kara kusurwa da rashin alama. Wanda ya ke taka leda aikin lissafi ga kiran kwalla ko da kusan kara maita. Wannan ya ke daidai don ayyukan da ke karkatar da kara maita da kara kusurwa, misali masalmin da ke karkatar da kara maita ko karkatar da kara kusurwa na uku, kamar yadda ake so a masalmin karkatarwa ko a masalmin karkatarwa na uku. Don karin bayani a babban karkatarwa.

Aikar Jallar zangarwa a Masalmin Masu Amfani da Kwayoyin

Jallar zangarwa zai iya zama mai karyata, amma zai iya kammala ayyuka na kwayo ta hanyar gudunmu. Wannan zai iya samar da alhakin kwayo wanda zai iya kammala ayyukan da ke karkatar da kara maita. Wannan ya ke taka leda aikin lissafi ga kiran kwalla ko da kusan kara maita.

Aikar Kwayon Kamar da Kwayon Rashin Alama da Kwayon Masu Alama

Masu amfani da kwayoyin masu lissafi sun buƙata alaman kwayo (rashin alama, kofa, tsarin alama) don samar da kwayoyin da kuma kara kusurwa. Jallar zangarwa yana ƙara zaɓuwar alaƙa ko irin da ke da alaƙa suna kama da. Wannan zai iya kama da abubuwa da ba a samu ba, kategorin da ba daidai ba ko ƙarin aiki na komputa don haka wasu ƙwayoyi suna iya zanin bayanai da ke da alaƙa daga cikin alhassisu. A cikin ayyukan kamar robotin pick-and-place ko kuma checks na otomatik, wannan zai iya shaida ayyukan na wasanƙi. Wannan yana kama da sauye na saitin tattara na machine vision.

Suya sauye na saitin tattara

A cikin ayyukan tattara inda akwai buƙatar girman ko matsayin daidai, alhassisu zai iya canza matsayin pixels. Wannan ya kama da tattarar da ba daidai ba, ya kama da tattarar da ke da alaƙa na kwaliti. Kuma canza kadan na pixel daga alhassisu zai iya kama da batun da aka amfani da su ne kamar abin da ba daidai ba ko kuma abin da ke da alaƙa ya kare. Wannan shine matsala mai girma don wasanƙin da ke da alaƙa.

Kasancewar aiki a cikin rana mazaje

Jallar zangarwa ake ƙare a cikin rana mazaje. A nan, alamuwar da ke da alaƙa shine babba karshi dibenshin da alhassisu. Wannan zai iya kama da foton da aka samu a cikin litin da ba daidai ba ta hanyar otomatik. Wannan yana kasa ƙasa ƙarin da embedded vision systems zai iya amfani da shi. Don haka, kyau kuskurewa ta dace yana da muhimmanci ga aiki da kyau a cikin matakan haske daban-daban, musamman a aikace-aikacen kyamarori marasa haske.

Takaitaccen Bayani: Yin Nasara Jallar zangarwa don Hotunan Mafi Girma

Jallar zangarwa shi ne wani abu na yau da kullum a cikin hoto a cikin hangen nesa. Yana nunawa a matsayin gyare-gyare na pixel ko kuma tsarin da ke ɓoye muhimman bayanai. Ya bambanta da hayaniya ta lokaci kuma yana bukatar hanyoyi na musamman don gyara shi. Kawar daidaitur rawar rawa yana nufin tsaftace hotuna, sa su zama mafi tsabta da kuma abin dogara ga bincike. Filters bisa ga convolutions, kamar matsakaici, matsakaici, Gaussian, da kuma ci-gaba biyu filters ne m kayayyakin aiki, don kuskurewa ta dace . Ta wajen fahimtar waɗannan hanyoyin da kuma yin amfani da su, masu aikin gani na gani za su iya magance matsalolin hayaniya. Hakan yana sa su riƙa ɗaukan hotuna masu kyau kuma su riƙa sarrafa su. Yana da muhimmanci ga ma'auni daidai, abin dogara abu ganewa, da kuma karfi yi a m aikace-aikace.

Samun ingancin hoto tare da Maganin hangen nesa na Muchvision

Kada ka bari jallar zangarwa zai iya lalata tsarin hangen nesa da kuma aikinka. Ka bincika abubuwan da muke yi mafarkin kwayoyin aiki da rashin ayyukan zuwa daidai. An riga su ne da kyaukar kawar daidaitur rawar rawa masu iya amfani. Saurar aboki mu yau . Muna kira mu hisabi cewa za mu maimaita amsawa da kuma za mu fitar da alhakin masu amfani na zuwa daidai.