Ni shi na cikin kwayoyin signal-to-noise? Ana yi aiki don wani daga cikin Embedded Vision?

Idan aka ke ƙirƙirar da sanimai masu watsalarwa , muna san cewa suka gudanar da kamera da sensorna na iya kamfanawa. Wannan sigin ya kawo da idanƙiwa hoton da fadin data, ta bayar da rashin lokaci. Suna da muhimman haɗuwa a cikin amfani da su ne a makamai masu muhima a cikin tattaunawar masu iyali , guzalwar hankali , da kuma tasirin sanarwayyar Industrial . Babban abin da ke nufin sauti, tsohon mutuwar da kuma ingancin aiki na su ne shi ne Taswira na Raruke (SNR) .

Mintal wasu sun san irin term din SNR amma bata sani ba wanne ne ko yadda ya ke taimakawa zuwa aikinku. Wannan maqala zai fara saka SNR , bayyana yadda aka hisabta, da tunaya muhimminci na su a cikin aikace-aikacen rigaya . Zamu kuma tabbatar da hannen izawa don samun alhakin rashiya na jilu yana da ma'ana sosai don nasarwar tsarin.

Menene Rashiya na Ifarar zuwa Jilu (SNR)?

A cikin Rashin alamna tsarin bayan , amma SNR , shine adadin lissafi. Ya karaba ingancin ifarar da ke so mu amma ya yi hankali da jilun baka. A kuma fa, ya iya fakita mana yadda ƙarin bayanin da muke samo shine ma'in da ake buƙata kuma yadda jilun baka zai samu. Babba SNR zai nufi da ifarar da ta ci gaba da sau da ba taimako.

SNR ake nufin ita a cikin desibels (dB) . Babba dB zinna ta nufi da kalma mai ma'ana. Misali, 90dB ta nufi da ifarar da ta ci gaba da daya daga 50dB. Wannan takaddun logaritmic ta taimaka gajer da farken tsakanin ifarar da ke sau biyu na jilu .

Na hade hangen nesa , "safin" shine shine yaɗi ko babban data na bisu ko fidiyo. "Tsawa", a wani hali, ke kopsa waɗannan data, kamar tsawar zafi , allun elektromagnetik (EMI) , da kuma tsawar kwantam . Mafi ƙaruwa tsawa ta dago shine mafi yawan SNR . Wanda ya ba da sauraren bayanai da aiki mai iyakokin amaunin data .

Yaya Ayyukan Lissafin SNR؟

Fahimtar yaya lissafin SNR shine asalin don rubutu aikace-aikacen tsura. Za a yi Rashin alamna tsarin bayan fomula, da aka fassara she decibels , shine:

A nan, Jika Na Iruwa yana dogara da matsalinta na bayanan dantaye. Jika Na Kwarewa yana nufin matsalinta na alhurwa da suka fa'ida da shi. Wannan fomula ta kira tsari mai standadin yin tattauna qualiti na rubutu akan kowane sistema ko halin da ke ciki.

Misali, idan akan akan iruwar ku shine 100 unit kuma kwarewa shine 1 unit, akan iruwar ku SNR shine 40 dB. Idan kuma zafi ya taka ruwa zuwa 10 units, zai SNR koma 20 dB. Wannan misalin yaya na iya bayyana kallo da ke cikin shan kanso mai girma rashiya na jilu .

Menene TSaTSar Tsakar Kwanciyar Shirin?

Menene ake ce za ta yi "mai kyau" SNR yana dogara sosai ne akan amfani da muke biyan. Don gudua matsayi kamar hanyar ganin cikin tsarin daya mai samu ilmin, ko TSaTSar TSakar Kwanciya SNR zai iya tafi. Amma don gudua mai girma kamar hanyar tabbatar da alama ko tattara kan layi, TSaTSar TSakar Kwanciya mai girma SNR ba ta fi kyau kawai ba—tafi wajibi.

A fatakuchen, don TSaTSar TSakar Kwanciya hade hangen nesa sashi daidai SNR akan 30 dB akee ƙididdiga mai amfani a yau da kullum. fahimtin cikin ruwa or ma'ana alamar gudun'na , mafanin ya yi aikin sanar da 40 dB ko fiye. Misali, tusshen 2024 ta TechVision Analytics tushen cewa ma'ana alamar hoto ya zadda da karkara inda aka samu SNR a sama da 42dB a yawan halayen masallacin. Wannan nufin dalibin muhimmin rashin alamna tsarin bayan ke cewa su zai saman abubuwan da ke gangama.

A cewa, a rashiya na jilu daga baya 20 dB sauran yin ma'ana injin faruwa. Wannan kekebi cin karanta da aka iya kama da sauti akai-akai kuma ya barci ne zuwa inganci. Wannan shine babban abu mai fa'ida don muhandisin, saboda inganci na mutu ya gama allunan tsari da kama da aiki.

Mene ne SNR ya dace sosai don Tsarin Nuna: Mai ta'adduci zuwa Karatu da Inganci

A cikin Rashin alamna tsarin bayan shine wajen mutu saboda ya gama karatu da sauti na hoton da kuma bin nufin hoton . Wannan kuma ya gama dakikinsa da dawo karkashin alamu biyu a cikin hade hangen nesa . Mai ƙarfi SNR shine waje ne na tsari da za a iya gudanarwa. Wani abu ne mai muhimmi a cewa ta hanyar samun sauti ko koyaya da ba a sani ba.

A cikin yanayi na gaba, ƙarin rashiya na jilu zai iya saman alhakin sosai. Gedon alamun da ke jinya, ma'ana da ba su daidai ba a cikin bukatun hankali, ko kuma ma'ana da ba daidai ba a cikin tattara masaniyya. Basa zuwa daga Waƙar Gaskiya na Duniya 2025, tsarin da ke aiki tare da SNR sugu daidai zuwa 25dB ya nuna cewa yawan batun maza biyu da aka yi bayanai akan su da 15% fiye da su ne a 35dB, idan zai sa biyan labarun girma don shagunan. Wannan ya nuna ma'ana mai faruwar da ke cewa an gyara SNR gyarawa.

Tsarin Hoton Tsokaci da Tushen Rubutu

SIFIN TSARI DA YAWE SNR ke nufi cin wasan abubuwa , ta dace sa'a daya da kuskusar a cikin bayanai. Wannan ke yiwuwa ga aiki na hankali da tafiyar samun abu , inda alamarra sosai ke yiwuwa. Fuskantar wacce zata bace algorithms su gyara 'dauka', ta fitar da shakanta kan bayanan da ba sani ba da saukaccen tsawon fuskanta .

Matsayin Takkamfen Algorithm Da Matsayin Bayanai

Na yin amfani da tattara da gyara mai sansu algorithms don fuskantar bayanai, daya SNR yana daidaita tashar ayyukan amfani da data. Albayyansa na data ta hanyar yin modelolin daidai kuma yana kawara alhurwa. Misali, wasu masu gabatarwa na AI kama NVIDIA's Jetson reference designs yana nuna wajen SNR 38dB don data na gudanarwa da saukin amfani. Wannan keke yana nihila dalilin muhimmincin halinmu na powered by AI ta hanyar samar da data mai zuwa daidai.

Aiki kawai da cikakken aiki

Don camera modules na low-light don suka da harsh industrial environments, SNR yana nufin yadda abu ne ba noise ya daga shi ba. qualiti na rubutu camera ɗaya da akwai alhakin SNR a cikin harsh lighting yana samar da data ta hanyar suka yi ba. Wannan yana iya jin aiki kuma yana nihila dalilin muhimmincin system, wani abun muhimmi don robust industrial vision masu aiki.

Fahimtar Noise a Cikin Data na Embedded Vision: Zourin Kirewar Noise Ratio

Tashe yana iya nufin alamun da ba a so ba da ke kwalla bayanin hoto ko bidiyo, akhirin tare da shi rashiya na jilu . Wannan suka faɗa cikin alamar da daban-daban wanda suke gina alamun asali:

• Alamu na Random Noise: Wannan yana zageren kamar alamu na sarari ko kwayarwa. Yana ƙunna tsawar zafi (daga tsarin sensor elektronics saboda farin tsoho) da shot Noise or tsawar kwantam (daga alamu na photons da ke tushen sensor).

• Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN): Wannan shine alamu mai tsawon, babba dake tsakanin sensor mai ƙalai, kamar alamu na rigakawa ko mafaza. Babbar ilmin IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (2023) ya nuna cewa FPN da ba a gyara ba zai iya rage dynamic range ta hanyoyi zuwa ga 10% a cikin sensor mai resuluso da hantali. Gyaran FPN shine waje don samar da kyauyar rashin alamna tsarin bayan .

• Tsarin Kwalliya: Tsanin kwalliya ana samar da shi a lokacin da ake ninka daga analog zuwa digital na idanin tsere. Ana ƙirƙiri sensofin mai iyaye don kawara wannan.

• Tsarin Kwalliya ta Takuwa: Wannan suna daidaita abubuwan da ke bên wa suka fa'a, allun elektromagnetik (EMI) daga elektroniken da suka gaba daya, makunsa cewa za ta hada ko kwalliya. Amfani da jilbinta da tacewa shine waje kan tabbatar da wadannan abubuwa.

Kwalliya ta kawara alhali na fahimci, ya zama ba tare da yin amfani da saitin extract bayanan da ke kwamfuta. Game da haka, kwalliya mai girma ya zama mafi girma na data size da bandwidth, wato yawa da aka iya bukatuka a lokaci puku da ajiyar auta. Tabawa daga cikin wadannan abubuwa shine muhimmi don samar da "healthy" rashiya na jilu .

TSNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) Ta Amafar Rohotin Masu Gudummarwa na Sistemin Tsarin Tsammanin

A cikin Rashin alamna tsarin bayan yake baiyan so daya daga cikin masu gudummarwa na performance na sistemar tsammanin da aka yi embedded . Wannan ya haɗa da kyau zuwa cikin burin da ake iya samunsa rashiya na jilu da kadan na sauye na tsari, an nuna alaƙa mai kyau na optimal SNR .

Tsanin Tsanyi da Takkai Mai Cin Kula

Siffofi ya kamata SNR an haɗa ita a cikin bayanin hoto. Wannan suna iya zafin algorithmin daga cikin abubuwan da ke tsakanin jin ci gaban tura ko adireshin batilai. Wannan yana da shawarwari wajen kuskurewa da ba su da amintsi, ko kuma cin abubuwa mara iyaka a cikin ma'amaloli mai muhimmanci—a matsala mai zuwa ga maimakonnan da suka yi amintsi akan bayanin mai tsauri, yana samar da alaƙa mai kyau na tsarin matsayin Gargajiya zamantakam da tsakanin ciki da fahimtin tsakanin ciki

Tsawon zamantakam da fahimtin tsakanin ciki

Mu SNR alamar nisa ta mutuwar yake da asali a cikin tsarin ranger na Dynamic wannan shine kimantin da ke tsakanin babban tsawo da babban kankara da aka fahe cikin hoto. Siffofi ya kamata SNR yana kiran tsarin don san tsakanin ciki da farkashin tsakanin ciki, na kuma cikin ma'adin da suke da tsakanin ciki da kankara mai zuwa da kankara mai girma. Wannan yana da alaƙa mai zuwa ga tsarin don samar da tabbatar da duk abubuwan da suka shafi cikin farashin iluminasiyon

Shawarar, Tushen Da Kama Da Sanin Abubu

Kashin daidai SNR ake ƙauye rasa hoton da aka ingantaccen rarrabe da fuska , wanda ke nufi cikin juyar da abubuwa shine wasu. Wannan zai iya kwari samun abu algorithm dabanen ko aiki ba tare da inganci—a matsala mai kura a cikin rubutu mai shirya . A wani iri, zurfi SNR yake da shafi sosai ingantaccen rarrabe da fuska , wanda yake nufi cikin bayyana abubuwan da suka fuskanta kuma ta hanyar gudun yawan amfani da turewa don samar da aikar faris.

Tasirin tattara: SNR da Alama Na'urar Kwayoyin Kamera

SNR ba wani ware awo; shi ne intricately nasaba da yawa na asali halayen kyamara . Fahimtar wadannan tasirin yana da mahimmanci don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako na gani a cikin hade hangen nesa .

Yanayin Dynamic da Gaskiyar Tonal

A kamara da karfi ranger na Dynamic ya kama wani fadi da kewayon sautunan launi da kuma haske tsanani a cikin guda frame. Wannan yana da muhimmanci ga kiyaye m SNR a cikin matakan haske daban-daban, yana ba da damar tsarin don rarrabe cikakkun bayanai a cikin haske da inuwa.

ISO Sensitivity da Ƙarfafawa na Murya

ISO sensitivity yana nufin iya sensur da ke tafiyar cikin rashin wuya. A yayin da ƙarin ISO tafiyar na tafiya, amma a hanyar gaskiya kuma yana nufin jilu mai zuwa, zanin sauyin SNR . Ta fi ko da su ISO ke ba da kyau SNR amma yana buƙatar ƙarin wuya. Tafiyar ISO shine wucewa ce ta jimla don tacewar rashiya na jilu .

Shutter Speed and Motion Artifacts

Matsayi tafiyar na tafiya yaya kunshi wata daidai , wanda ke ciki don gani abubuwa da suke matsa. Amma, aikin tattara a cikin kewayon yawa ba ta hanyar ƙarin shafin tattaro ko mai ƙarin ISO , iri biyu na iya samar da alhukancin SNR . Kewayoyi masu tsohu a cikin tsawon ruwa, amman ya yi karin ruwa, kuma zai iya zanin tattaro ta hanyar matakaran izinin jilicin. SNR da shi zuwa sauti daban-daban

Girma na Sensor da Sauye da Ruwan Kwana

Fisikalun girma na sensur yana gudanƙar da aikin maha. Sabon sensor suna da pixel mai girma, shi ne za su kara mituna. Karin cikin ya nufi zuwa samun alamar mai tsauri kuma sai sannan zamantakewa Rashin alamna tsarin bayan . Pixel mai ƙasa, wasu hanyo, su kara mituna karu, idan zai kammala sauti na asali don kama da alamar yana ƙawarin SNR .

Algorithmon Na Tsatsa Tsatsa Da Tashoshin Bayan Kafa

Binciken alkawatin Tsarin Watsalarwa sunan aiki sosai yana nufi zuwa tashi SNR bayan kafa. Algorithmon wadannan suke rage sauti mara iya amfani da kada su bar da abubuwan muhimmi. Hanyoyin kamar filatun alue-alue (misali, Gaussian, Median), filatun zamani (musauwar juyuka), da AI-powered denoising tsiyar da data mai yawa, ta fiye da maimakon tattara rashiya na jilu .

Girman Shafin Da Kama Kwana Ta Nufin Kwana

A cikin girma na shafi na lense na kwayar yadda kwana ya dawo zuwa sensor. Mai girma mai tsanani shafin tattaro (f-number mai gaban) ta ba da kwana cewa ta wuce, ta hanyar direba SNR . Amma, shafin mai gaban ya kamata ake sauti da nisa, wato zai iya ƙarin yawa.

Ana so rubutu a cikin hanyar rubutu an yi aiki daga hanyar SNR?

Matsayin alhurra wane abun daya ne mai iyaka kan tattara SNR . Ya yi aminti yadda tsawon lokaci sensor ya ke taka leda. Matsayin sauti mai tsawo ana tebakin kwana da aka samu, ta kar da matsayin kyakkyawan kuma ta maimaita SNR , saboda kyakkyawan zai tsagi matafiyar linzamin lokaci.

Amma, gaskiya ba haka take ba. Ƙarin lokaci na tsawon lokaci kuma yana tarawa sautin wutar lantarki mai duhu (daga zafi mai ji) da kuma sautin karatun . Duk da yake siginar ƙaruwa linearly, wasu amo aka gyara, kamar shot Noise , kara da square tushen da siginar.

A cikin Rashin alamna tsarin bayan don foton harbi amo (SNR_Shot ) an bayar da shi ta:

A nan, $S$yana wakiltar siginar, wanda ya dace da photons da aka tattara (wanda ke rinjayar ƙarfin haske da lokacin haskakawa). Kamar yadda lokaci na nuni ( $t$) yana karu, $S$yana karu, kuma $\sqrt{S}$yana karu. Wannan shine nufin SNR ta yawan amfani da tsawon lokacin aiki, idan aka fahimci cewa alhassar da ke cikin laraba ita ce ta waje . Don sanidari hade hangen nesa , maimakon lokacin aiki shine wani uku da ke matsa. Yana buƙatar iya canzawa alamar gwiwa zuwa ƙasa kuma tace alhassar da ke karkashin, akhirin samun mafi kyau na rashiya na jilu .

Matsalar da za a iya amfani don inganta SNR a Cikin Tsirar Gwiwa

Don tattara SNR da gaske, zaka buƙatar rage alhassar ko inganta mafi kyau na alamar. Anan suna da matsalolin da za a iya amfani don kuwa hade hangen nesa projects:

• Maimakar da Tsarin Samun Kari: Sarraƙa cikin kusan daidaitaccen iluminasiyen don zane-nuna. Yayin da ƙarin samun kari ya dace, iya kaiyar rana. Ƙarin amfani ba tare da sassan gudua za a karin gudua, ke kaman kasa sosai qualiti na rubutu .

• Zamili Camera na Gaskiya da Tsarin Gine-Ginen: Yayin siyan ko gyara kamira, nuna fahimci zuwa abubuwan da ke da tsarin gine-ginen mai sauƙi da aka fi saka. Mai unguwar modulin kamira kamar Sinoseen sufuri mawaƙilai suna da ajali SNR ayyukan. Kamiran da aka gina nasara ta hanyar tsarin gine-ginen ya sauki sanin hoton asali.

• Share wajen Sensor din Hoton Mai Kyau: Zaɓi ma'a kwaliti ce ta yiyu sensorin hoton daban-daban da kebaka mai kwarai sautin karatun da matsakaice ta yiyu tushen kwantam . Waɗannan sensoromin sumuya sauki dama na gaba daya da keɓaɓɓen al'ada, suna da shagawa a cikin ƙarfi na iya amfani da SNR .

• Gudan Hewa Ta Yiyu: Aiwatar da ƙarfi na iya amfani da gudun hewa a cikin tsarin ku. An samawa zarin sensorin hewa ya kara rage cikin manyiyan abubuwa, na'udawa tsawar zafi , wanda ya yi aljifawa sosai a gaban SNR . Takaitaccen daga Journal of Imaging Science and Technology (Vol. 67, No. 3, 2023) ya nuna cewa a ƙusan 7% SNR na inganta don kowane 5-degree Celsius zanin zarin sensor a fashin kwayoyin indasitriali. Tsarin yankan ko karkashin yankanci suna da muhimmiyar girma.

• Shafara Saitunan Kwayo: Kirkira da saitin amfani matsayin alhurra , suduwar shaguna , da kuma amfani (ISO) . Ziel-nan shine inganta matsayin signal sannan anincin inji. Wannan ke biyan haka da wuya ta hanyar abokin gudun tare da kai tsawon inncin inji, wanda ke cibin muhimmiyar sau da kyau na SNR. rashin alamna tsarin bayan .

• Gudura da Zane-zane Na Injiniyan Hoton Tsarin Algorithim: Amfani da madaidaicin alkawatin Tsarin Watsalarwa don gama ɗaya ko bayan tushen tashe Ruwa . Wannan su na yi filatun alue-alue (misali, Gaussian, Median), filatun zamani (musauwar juyuka), da AI-powered denoising . Wannan nufin yin cirewa da data mai jin kwalla sosai, amma ba su gyara batu-bata, wanda ke ƙara mafi kyauwa rashiya na jilu .

Sakamakon: SNR – Uwar gurbin tsari na iya ganin cewa ya kamata

A cikin Taswira na Raruke (SNR) sune abin da ke mutuwa sosai a alaye sanimai masu watsalarwa . Yake samar da shawarar karatu da sauti na hoton da kuma bin nufin hoton kuma, a gefe, bin dage dakikinsa da dawo . Tattara menene signal to noise ratio , takaddun sa, abubuwan da suka samar da shi, da rashin halin da za a iya inganta shi shine waje mai muhimmi don muhimmanci wato inziner na bugawa.

Ta hanyar iyakokin SNR aikace-aikacen, zaku iya inganta barkaten so daidai na aikace-aikacen rigaya . Wannan shine za ku samun bayanan daya, alamomin da ake aminta su da kuyarwa da asali masu iya gudua. Kar barci cewa irin iyakokin da babba ba rashiya na jilu yin haraba akan potenshin projektin ko performansinsa na sistema.

Yana buƙatar tuciyar kama na fasahon yin iyakokin SNR na sistamin vision-embedded? Wether kuna buƙata tuciyar a zabi camarin camera ta madaidaici low-noise camera module ko wani tsarin mai taba don aplikashon kanku, idan kuke so ya tuni zuwa kunna Mana don tattara.